paleo diet 101

The Ultimate Paleo Diet Guide

The Ultimate Paleo Diet Guide: Contents

History 

Modern Paleo

Basic Principles

How To Start

Food And Shopping

Eating Out On Paleo

Advantages Of The Paleo Diet

If you are looking for information about the Paleo Diet, you have come to the right place!  As a family, we’ve taken a Paleo approach to food ever since a friend of ours (thank you Anita) gave my husband a copy of Mark Sisson’s Paleo Blueprint and a Paleo Cookbook as a birthday present. 3 months later he was fitter and healthier than he’d been in many years.

One thing to be clear about from the start is that the term diet is a bit of a misnomer when it comes to Paleo. We really prefer to look at it as a lifestyle choice. This may sound weird when talking about something that has so many different names, The Caveman Diet, The Primal Diet, The Hunter-gatherer diet and the Paleolithic Diet to name just a few.

Not only are the multiple names confusing but it can confuse to understand the ins and outs of this diet. What do you eat? How do you get started? Are there any drawbacks? Getting your head around all the details could make you give up before you start! Don’t worry, I’ve got your back. Welcome to The Ultimate Paleo Guide – this really is everything you need to know to get started.

Don’t worry, I’ve got your back. Welcome to The Ultimate Paleo Guide-this really is everything you need to know to get started.

History 

Why Paleo? Paleo refers to the Paleolithic era man. This is, in fact, a broad period, covering everything from man’s first use of tools over 2,5 million years ago to a relatively recent ten thousand years ago. Although this period includes a fairly large chunk of human evolution, humans lived and ate in a fairly constant way.

Paleo Primal 7000 Years Ago

The invention of the first stone tools turned man from a gatherer into a hunter-gatherer and placed meat firmly on the menu. Whilst these tools evolved, man remained a hunter, relying on his skills to chase down game, from that day onward. Even if you prefer to buy your steaks from the butcher rather than take your bow and arrow out of the closet, we are still hunter-gatherers.

We have no direct evidence of the exact make-up of Paleo man’s diet. We know that it was composed of fish, meat, shellfish, fruit, nuts and leafy vegetables (and insects and anything else that was available). But it is impossible to be sure of the exact proportions and this probably varied from place to place and. The only issue was survival and primitive man ate what was available, which would vary tremendously from season to season for example.

The early Paleolithic period was also before the discovery of fire which definitely impacted on our diet. Before this, a large majority of the diet was plant-based, with a relatively small part coming from animal protein, particularly things like eggs and shellfish that could be scavenged. After the advent of fire and the ability to cook meat (which would also help to preserve it), animal protein probably became quite a lot more important as part of the diet.

Modern Paleo

While there are a few people who may claim that they are the inventor of modern Paleo, only one guy can say that he is responsible for making it so popular. This man is Dr. Loren Cordain. He runs one of the biggest Paleo sites on the net and has written several books dealing with everything from Paleo basics to implementing this diet if you are an athlete.

His story is actually quite a fascinating one and gives some valuable insight into paleo as a system. He first became interested in what we eat and the effects that this food can have on our health and well-being at an early age. Both his parents encouraged him to eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. His father also gave him books about stone age man and helped to develop Cordain’s inquisitive mind.

Diced lamb, vegetables and herbs

He really thought more about the connections between diet and health as a serious college-level athlete. He became interested in anything that could improve his performance and found that he enjoyed things that went against the grain of the commonly-held beliefs of the time which promoted a starchy carbohydrate-rich approach to nutrition.

Initially, he looked towards vegetarianism and plant-based diets as the answer. Whilst there were some advantages for him, it was when he implemented a ‘caveman’ approach to eating that his results really took off. This helped launch his graduate studies at the University of Nevada and his doctoral work at the University of Utah, where he specialized in body fat, diet, and athletic performance.

After reading Dr. Boyd Eaton’s groundbreaking 1987 paper entitled “Paleolithic Medicine ” in the New England Journal of Medicine, all the ideas he had been working on seemed to fall into place and modern Paleo was born. Thirty years and five bestselling books later, he is still at the forefront of the movement towards a more natural, healthier eating style for everyone.

Basic Principles

You will find a host of different interpretations of Paleo, depending on where you look and whom you listen to. Let’s start with a definition that should work for most people. The Paleo diet is an effort to return to traditional eating as practiced by man for thousands of years during the Paleolithic era and after. It is a diet where you avoid any processed goods, chemical additives or artificial ingredients including sugar.

As a base definition, this will do pretty well. Most Paleo fans will also tell you to remove grains from your diet because the Paleo era was before the advent of agriculture. The same is true for dairy products because man didn’t keep animals for their milk or transform this milk into butter, cheese or whatever.

PaleoLiving__pyramid (1)

 

What’s the point of all this? Well, the theory goes that genetically, we are essentially the same as our caveman cousins. We are adapted for a diet that is far removed from what we eat today and the current obsession with fast food, sugar, and trans-fats is a fast track to the morgue. Even those foods are on the supposed ‘healthy list’, such as grains and cereals, really aren’t healthy. We can’t digest them properly and they are an irritant that will cause health problems, particularly in the digestive tract. By removing them, we are staying in line with what we are built to eat and guaranteeing a better quality of life.

As previously mentioned, the Paleolithic era is over 2 million years of human history and development so it is wrong (and in fact impossible) to give specifics of ‘a Paleo diet’. However, there were no artificial ingredients in this diet, no chemical additives, and no fast food joints! Without worrying straightaway about the details, keeping to these simple guidelines is key.

How To Start

The decision to move to Paleo is easy, especially when you look at the potential benefits. Who wouldn’t be interested in improved health and energy and fewer digestive problems?

Paleo Diet ImageThings get a little more complicated when you start to put things into practice! You will immediately start to ask yourself questions like “What do I have for breakfast?” or “How do I deal with sugar cravings?”

The key thing is to work your way into Paleo using a transition period. If you eat a typical Western diet, going cold turkey on paleo can be a real shock to the system, one that some will do not deal with and promptly fall back off the wagon.

A transition period means gradually adopting Paleo habits and replacing your old, unhealthy lifestyle one step at a time. Science has proven again and again that the most efficient and easiest way forward when changing habits is one at a time, letting it become solidly ingrained before moving to the next. The best way to start here is by removing all processed foods. This means anything that is filled with chemicals, comes in a packet ready to microwave or is far removed from what you might find in the wild.

A transition period uses this principle of adopting habits gradually. It really is hard to transform your life completely. Even more so if you have been eating the same poor food choices for decades. Taking things one step at a time is easy. Although it means that moving to a natural diet might take months, this isn’t a problem. Every single step is a move in the right direction and will improve health and quality of life. If you can make sure that these habits are there to stay, you have done the right thing.

Food And Shopping

You might think Paleo is going to be quite restrictive. Some people can actually limit their choices because they don’t realize just how much variety is possible. This is one of the problems of the modern world. We tend to buy food that is ready-prepared and we have forgotten how to use herbs and spices and combine ingredients to create flavor without making something unhealthy. Those TV dinners might be handy, but you can make something that is far tastier without spending all day in the kitchen.

Before you do anything, start by making a Paleo shopping list. You can copy our Paleo diet food list to get you started.  Paleo relies on fresh food because it doesn’t use artificial ingredients to keep things edible for months at a time. Luckily the rise of the Paleo diet has coincided with the rise of local farmers markets. Trust me you haven’t tasted beef until you’ve tried locally reared grass-fed beef.

However, if you don’t have a local farmers market don’t despair, there are some basics you can buy and then use for months and months to create tasty recipes for yourself and others.

Here are a few ideas to help get you started:

Flavouring

Spices
As far as herbs and spices go, you really can choose what you want. These will keep for a long time if you store them in airtight containers out of direct sunlight. Here are a few of my favorites:

  • Chilli Powder
  • Cinnamon
  • Cumin
  • Nutmeg
  • Paprika
  • Ginger
  • Rosemary
  • Thyme
  • Sea Salt
  • Black and Green Pepper

Although these will keep well, they can lose their flavor a little. If you buy fresh and grind them yourself, you will probably get both better value for money and a little more flavor intensity in your dishes.

Don’t be scared to experiment and find combinations you like. Just because it varies from the recipe doesn’t make it wrong. For example, I like spicy, peppery food and what works for me will leave others gasping for breath (and reaching for a glass of water!)

These simple ingredients can transform the taste of virtually anything. You might think you know what tomatoes taste like, for example. Now try some fresh, organic Roma tomatoes sprinkled with olive oil and rosemary. Now tell me that your TV dinner has more flavor than that!

Other Basics

After herbs and spices, there are some other basics that every paleo cook needs. Here they are:

  • Oils (Olive and Coconut are a good start, but NOT the only possibilities)
  • Almond Flour and Coconut flour (if you enjoy baking, these can replace unhealthy white flour)
  • Unsweetened Cocoa Powder
  • Natural Honey (don’t overuse this, but it can help if you suffer from a sweet tooth)
  • Fish Sauce (adds real zip to many dishes)

Olive Oil

Once you have got your basics sorted, the rest is down to preference. There are a couple of points you should remember when you are buying your food.

  • Don’t forget the fruit and vegetables! Paleo is often mistakenly reduced to some meat fest. Fresh fruit and vegetables should be a huge part of your diet.
  • Vary your protein sources. Beef is good. Sausages can be good. Bacon tastes great. If this is all you eat, you aren’t eating healthily. What about lamb, chicken, fish, shellfish, eggs,…
  • Buy organic. It will cost more, but you are trying to improve your health by reducing chemicals, pesticides, and additives.
  • Don’t judge a book by its cover. Unfortunately, we have been conditioned to think apples should be shiny, carrots perfectly formed and oranges the size of footballs. If a product is organic, the chances are that it won’t look anything like this. Learn to pick products based on taste rather than the fact someone has treated them with 28 different chemicals to look perfect.

Buy In Bulk

There are a couple of tips that can make shopping easier. First, plan your meals before shopping and buy the ingredients that you need. This will stop quite a lot of unnecessary stuff ending up in your trolley.

Second, don’t shop when you are hungry! When you are hungry, you will be far more sensitive to all the temptations that await you in the aisles of the supermarket.

These two straightforward tips should lead to cheaper and faster shopping trips and far less chance of you falling off the wagon.

Eating Out On Paleo

Once you have got Paleo food mastered in your home, what about trying it in a restaurant? You might think it will be impossible to stick to your diet when eating out, but most of the time it is actually fairly simple. Paleo is quite widely recognized, especially in the USA, and many restaurants even have a paleo option.

Eating Out
If you do order this, you would be wise to check exactly what they serve. I have seen Paleo options which offer something like steak and vegetables, which is fine but then drown the vegetables with a cream sauce which makes the whole thing a little bit pointless!

Even if there isn’t a specific option, it should be easy enough to order something that fits. Whether you prefer fish, beef or meat ask for it accompanied by vegetables or salad without sauce. You can then flavor it yourself with olive oil and vinegar, for example.

Molten Lava Cake

Desserts are more of a problem, but you still have a couple of options. Personally, I believe that there isn’t too much wrong with breaking your diet occasionally. Don’t think you have ruined everything if you indulge in some ice cream or a piece of pie. Unless you are going to a restaurant and doing this several times a week, you aren’t doing a whole lot of damage.

You can also just exercise a little willpower! Who said that you have to finish your meal with a bowl of sugar anyway? What about enjoying your fish or meat and then finishing with a coffee, for instance?

Health Advantages

Most people who give this a try are doing so for their health. So just what are the health advantages of Paleo? Well, fairly obviously, you are cutting out a large amount of the things that are so dangerous in the modern Western diet. Basing your diet around fruit, vegetables, meat, and fish from high-quality, organic sources is a world away from how most of us eat from day to day. You are replacing unhealthy trans-fats with healthy fats

Just have look at this list of potential dangers that will have disappeared when you step into the world of paleo:

  • Pesticides
  • Food Additives and Colors
  • Trans-fats
  • Sugar
  • Processed Flour

I could go on, but in that short list above, there are studies showing connections to everything from hyperactivity to cancer.

 

PaleoLiving__benefits

There have also been some interesting studies linking a Paleo diet to significant health benefits. For example, a 2015 study found some solid benefits for weight loss and blood lipid profiles and another from 2009 showed that Paleo could be a smart plan for diabetics too.

Anecdotal evidence from users is also overwhelmingly positive. In fact, even those who have dropped off the wagon for various reasons rarely have a bad thing to say about the effects on their waistline, digestion or overall well-being.

Controversy

Whilst those (like me) who have enjoyed Paleo will happily talk all day about its advantages, from losing weight to increased energy, there is a certain amount of controversy. Critics will point out the fact that our Neanderthal ancestors weren’t exactly visions of health in many ways. Life expectancy was far from today’s levels. However, when you think they spent a large number of their lives avoiding being eaten, having accidents this becomes something of a moot point. It is fairly certain that modern diseases like cancer and heart disease weren’t major problems for these cavemen.

The other two issues that are often cited are the excess consumption of red meat and the fact that certain foods like dairy, grains, and seeds are off limits which could lead to deficiencies in some people. In fact, a recent study by US News and World Report ranked Paleo last among 29 diets! This should be taken with a pinch of salt, however, because another study by Consumer Report ranked it second overall and it was the most searched-for diet on the internet in 2013.

Ultimate Paleo Guide

So what is the truth? If your diet is eating large quantities of red meat and little else, this isn’t healthy. However, this isn’t eating Paleo so we can hardly blame the diet, can it? Likewise, there are lots of ways of getting insufficient quantities of vitamins and minerals and it is important to keep your diet varied to cover all your nutritional bases.

Finally, perhaps it is the extreme approach to this diet which is problematic. This is true of any way of eating. I prefer to see Paleo as a way of eliminating modern junk from my diet. I don’t worry particularly about eating some grains or a small amount of dairy. I tolerate these foods well, so this isn’t a problem for me. For others, a stricter version of Paleo will work better because they find that something like dairy causes inflammation.

Conclusion

While nobody knows for sure just how our distant ancestors ate, we do have a good idea. They might not have known why, but they composed the vast majority of their diet of things that were helping to keep them alive and healthy. In today’s society, we don’t have the same problems associated with hunting food and avoiding becoming something else’s meal at the same time. Whilst this comfort is a good thing, one downside is that our diet has become a real danger to our health.

Thanks to the efforts of Doctor Loren Cordain and others, a more natural approach to eating has moved back onto center stage. This diet has its naysayers and like any method, you need to put a little thought into what you eat, but for millions of people, Paleo has made a huge positive difference.

 

The Ultimate Paleo Guide

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